习近平总书记教育重要论述讲义

Understanding Xi Jinping’s Educational Philosophy

坚持中国特色社会主义教育发展道路。道路决定命运。没有正确的道路，再美好的愿景、再伟大的梦想，都不能实现。坚持中国特色社会主义教育发展道路，必须扎根中国、融通中外，立足时代、面向未来；必须不断解放思想、开拓创新，紧扣时代主题，结合中国实际，认真吸收世界上先进的办学治学经验，探索更多符合国情的办法，促进中国特色社会主义教育事业蓬勃发展。1. 扎根中国、融通中外。习近平总书记指出：“当今世界，开放融通的潮流滚滚向前。人类社会发展的历史告诉我们，开放带来进步，封闭必然落后。世界已经成为你中有我、我中有你的地球村，各国经济社会发展日益相互联系、相互影响，推进互联互通、加快融合发展成为促进共同繁荣发展的必然选择。”2. 立足时代、面向未来。教育改革发展要紧扣时代主题。不断增强教育发展的前瞻性。教育发展要兼顾现实与未来。

The path we take determines our future. If we take the wrong path, we will never reach our goal, no matter how attractive it is. The prosperity of socialist education with Chinese characteristics requires us to be grounded in China and connected with the world, and serve the present and look into the future; it also requires us to free our mind and innovate, keep up with the times, adapt the world’s advanced experience to China’s situation, and explore practices that meet out national conditions. 1. China-rooted and globally connected. Xi Jinping has said, “We live in a time of openness and connectivity. History shows that openness leads to progress while seclusion leaves one behind. The world today is a global village, where our interests and our economic and social progress interconnect. To achieve common prosperity in today’s world, we have no choice but to pursue greater connectivity and integration.” 2. Serving the present and looking into the future. Education reform and development should serve the needs of the times. Education should be anchored to the future. Education development should balance the needs of the present and the future.

习言习语 Quote from Xi Jinping

教育传承过去、造就现在、开创未来，是推动人类文明进步的重要力量。

—2016年9月10日，习近平总书记致首届清华大学苏世民书院开学典礼的贺信

Education connects us with the past, forges the present, and creates the future; it is an important force driving forward human civilization.

—Congratulatory message for the launch of Schwarzman College, Tsinghua Univeristy, September 10, 2016

参考文献：

本书编写组，2023，《习近平总书记教育重要论述讲义》，北京：高等教育出版社。

〇 Exercise

性善 Human Nature Is Good.

Education has the function of _____ us with the past, _____ the present and _____ the future.

孟子提出的一种人性论观点。孟子所言人性，指人天生所具有的人之所以为人的本质属性，亦即是人区别于禽兽的道德本性。这个意义上的人性，构成了仁、义、礼、智等德行的内在根基或依据。但是，人性中具备的只是德行的端始，并不等于德行的实现或完成。人们需要不断扩充人性中的善端，才能确立起良好的德行。

This view on human nature was first proposed by Mencius. As Mencius saw it, human nature is the inherent moral character which a human being naturally possesses and which distinguishes him from an animal. In this sense, human nature underpins such virtues as benevolence, righteousness, sound social norms, and good judgment. However, good human nature does not automatically constitute virtuous conduct. People need to continuously cultivate good human nature in order to develop virtuous conduct.

引例 Citation:

◢孟子道性善，言必称尧、舜。（《孟子·滕文公上》）

（孟子讲述性善之说，言谈必称述尧、舜的事迹。）

When Mencius spoke about human nature being good, he always referred to the exploits of Emperor Yao and Emperor Shun. (Mencius)

参考文献：

中华思想文化术语编委会，2019，《中国传统文化关键词》，北京：外语教学与研究出版社。

〇 Exercise

Which of the following views is NOT attributed to Mencius?

A) The belief that human nature is inherently good

B) The idea that a ruler should practice benevolent governance

C) The belief that human nature is evil

D) The importance of cultivating one’s moral character through inner reflection

《齐物论》 The Adjustment of Controversies

《齐物论》以“天地一指，万物一马”的恢弘视角，打破了人类中心主义的傲慢。庄子从“吾丧我”的哲学视角出发，将日月山川、草木虫鱼纳入同源共生的生命共同体，揭示了“道通为一”的生态本相。文本中“庄周梦蝶”的物化寓言，如一面映照万物的明镜，破除了主客对立关系---当蝴蝶振翅的韵律与人类呼吸同频，物我界限便在“天地与我并生”的澄明中悄然消融。这种超越物种差异的齐物智慧，在气候危机加剧、物种加速消亡的今天，呼唤着人类重新审视与万物共生的古老智慧。

The Chuang Tzu: Chapter on The Adjustment of Controversies dismantles anthropocentric arrogance through its grand perspective that “All things in heaven and earth may be dealt with a finger; each of their myriads may be dealt with a horse.” Starting from the philosophical stance of “the loss of myself”, Zhuangzi integrates the sun, the moon, mountains, rivers, plants and creatures into a shared life community of common origin, revealing the ecological truth that “ They may in the light of the Dao all be reduced to the same category (of opinion about them)”.

The metaphorical allegory “Zhuang Zhou Dreams of a Butterfly” reflects the interconnection of all existence and dissolves the rigid subject-object dichotomy. When the rhythm of a butterfly’s wings harmonizes with human breath, the boundary between self and object quietly dissolves in the clarity of “Heaven, Earth, and I were produced together.” The wisdom of transcending species distinctions, rooted in the equality of all beings, resonates urgently today. Amid escalating climate crisis and accelerating species extinction, it calls humanity to reexamine ancient insights into symbiotic coexistence with all life.

引例 Citation:

◢昔者庄周梦为胡蝶，栩栩然胡蝶也，自喻适志与！不知周也。俄然觉，则蘧蘧然周也。不知周之梦为胡蝶与，胡蝶之梦为周与？周与胡蝶，则必有分矣。此之谓物化。 （《庄子·齐物论》）

（从前庄周，梦见自己变成一只蝴蝶，翩翩飞舞的一只蝴蝶，遨游各处悠游自在，根本不知道自己原来是庄周。忽然醒过来，自己分明是庄周。不知道是庄周做梦化为蝴蝶呢，还是蝴蝶做梦化为庄周呢？庄周和蝴蝶必定是有所分别的。这种转变就叫做“物化”。）

Formerly, I, Zhuang Zhou, dreamt that I was a butterfly, a butterfly flying about, feeling that it was enjoying itself. I did not know that it was Zhou. Suddenly I awoke, and was myself again, the veritable Zhou. I did not know whether it had formerly been Zhou dreaming that he was a butterfly, or it was now a butterfly dreaming that it was Zhou. But between Zhou and a butterfly there must be a difference. This is a case of what is called The Transformation of Things.

(The Writings of Kwang-tsze. The Adjustment of Controversies)

参考文献：

陈鼓应，2016，《庄子今注今译》（上下册），北京：商务印书馆。

Legge,James, The Writings of Kwang-tsze, London: Oxford University Press Warehouse, 1891

〇 Exercise

Translate the following sentence into English:

天地与我并生，而万物与我为一。