习近平总书记教育重要论述讲义

Understanding Xi Jinping’s Educational Philosophy

发展具有中国特色、世界水平的现代教育。越是民族的，越是世界的。扎根中国大地办教育要突显中国特色，坚定不移地走中国特色社会主义教育发展道路；要放眼世界，充分吸收世界先进办学治学经验。习近平总书记指出，广大教育工作者要认清肩负的使命和责任，努力为发展具有中国特色、世界水平的现代教育，培养社会主义建设者和接班人作出更大贡献。1. 办好各级各类教育。习近平总书记指出，基础教育在国民教育体系中处于基础性、先导性地位，必须把握好定位，全面贯彻落实党的教育方针，从多方面采取措施，努力把我国基础教育越办越好。同时实现高等教育内涵式发展，建设中国特色职业教育体系，构建服务全民的终身教育体系。2. 建设世界一流大学和一流学科。办好一流大学，必须有中国特色；办好我国高校，办出世界一流大学，必须牢牢抓住全面提高人才培养能力这个核心点。3. 形成更好水平的人才培养体系。打造中国特色的学科体系，完善教学体系，抓好教材体系建设，完善教育管理体系，加强思想政治工作体系建设。

Establishing a modern education system with Chinese characteristics and up to international standard. What is unique for a nation is precious for the world. China’s education is expected to have Chinese characteristics and follow the path of socialism. Meanwhile, we should adopt a global vision and the best practices in running schools. Xi Jinping has noted that educators should recognize their mission and responsibility, contribute to modernizing education in accordance with international standard, and nurture new generations for the socialist cause. 1. Promoting high-quality education at all levels. Xi Jinping has noted that basic education is a fundamental and leading part of the national education system. The point must be clearly understood. We must fully implement the Party’s education policy and improve our basic education through multiple measures. Achieving intensive growth of higher education; building a technical and vocational education system with Chinese characteristics; building a lifelong education system that serves all people. 2. Developing world-class universities and first-class disciplines. World-class universities in China must have Chinese characteristics; Successful higher education and world-class universities are evaluated by their ability to produce qualified people. 3. Upgrading the talent cultivation system. Creating academic disciplines with Chinese characteristics; improving teaching systems; doing a good job in course materials development; Improving the school management system; strengthening the moral and political education system.

习言习语 Quote from Xi Jinping

办好中国的世界一流大学，必须有中国特色。没有特色，跟在他人后面亦步亦趋，依样画葫芦，是不可能办成功的。

—2014年5月4日，习近平总书记在北京大学师生座谈会上的讲话

World-class Chinese universities must have distinctive Chinese characteristics. We will not be successful if we simply follow others and copy what they are doing.

—Speech at the meeting with teachers and students of Peking University, May 4, 2014

参考文献：

本书编写组，2023，《习近平总书记教育重要论述讲义》，北京：高等教育出版社。

〇 Exercise

How can we translate “凿井者，起于三寸之炊，以就万仞之深”（语出刘昼《刘子· 崇学》）into English.

仁政 Benevolent Governance

基于仁爱之心的为政方式。由孟子提出。孟子认为，每个人天生都具有仁爱之心，但仁爱之心需要不断扩充，才能成就现实的仁德。执政者应该不断扩充自己的仁爱之心，并以此心照顾治下的百姓，为百姓提供生活所需的物质条件以及良好的社会秩序。基于这种仁爱之心的政治治理即是“仁政”。为政者如果能够推行“仁政”，则可以实现民心的归附与国家的强盛。

This refers to governance of a state based on benevolence, proposed first by Mencius. He held that everybody was born with a heart of benevolence, but this needed to be nourished constantly to attain the virtue of benevolence in reality. The ruler should constantly have his heart of benevolence nourished, taking care of his subjects, providing them with necessary living materials, and keeping good social order. Governance based on this kind of benevolence is called benevolent governance. If the ruler implements such governance, he will be able to unite the whole people and have a strong country.

引例 Citation:

◢孟子曰：“人皆有不忍人之心。” （《孟子·公孙丑上》）

（孟子说：“人都有恻隐之心。”）

Mencius said, “Everyone has a compassionate heart.” (Mencius)

参考文献：

中华思想文化术语编委会，2021，《中华思想文化关键词365》，北京：外语教学与研究出版社。

〇 Exercise

Which of the following is the correct translation of “仁民爱物”?

A) Have love for the people, and cherish all things.

B) The benevolent person loves others.

C) The benevolent person is invincible.

D) A benevolent person cherishes himself.

《养生主》 Nourishing the Lord of Life

《庄子》养生主篇以“庖丁解牛”的寓言，勾勒出中国最早的生态哲学图景。刀刃在筋骨间游走的轨迹，正如人类在自然法则中探寻生存的空间。庄子以“依乎天理”的智慧揭示了只有顺应自然脉络，才能如庖丁之刀“十九年若新发于硎”。文中“批大郤，导大窾”的技艺，暗喻人类需要洞察生态系统的肌理，于万物纹理中找到生命韵律。牛体筋骨交错的结构意指大自然的运行密码，而刀刃的进退收放恰似生命与环境的动态平衡。庄子以“技近乎道”的哲学升华提醒我们：真正的养生不在于征服自然，而在于“以无厚入有间”。这种东方生存智慧，在千年之后仍在指引我们重寻天人和谐共生的生命节奏。

The parable of “Paoding’s Butchery” in The Chuang Tzu’s chapter Nourishing the Lord of Life sketches China’s earliest ecological philosophy. The blade’s path through sinew and bone mirrors humanity’s quest to navigate natural laws. By advocating “observing the natural lines”, Zhuangzi reveals that true longevity lies not in resistance but in harmonizing with nature’s rhythms---like the butcher’s blade that “is as sharp as if it had newly come from the whetstone”. The technique of “slipping through the great cervices and sliding through the great cavities” metaphorically urges humanity to discern the intricate patterns of ecosystems and align with life’s cadences. The ox’s interwoven anatomy encodes nature’s operational principles, while the blade’s measured advance and retreat embody the dynamic equilibrium between life and environment. Zhuangzi elevates practical skill to philosophical truth with his notion that “the method of the Dao, something in advance of any art”, reminding us that authentic self-cultivation resides not in conquering nature but in “entering the interstice with the thin edge of the knife”. The Eastern wisdom, distilled millennia ago, continues to guide humanity to rediscover the sacred synchrony between civilization and ecology.

引例 Citation:

◢泽雉十步一啄，百步一饮，不蕲畜乎樊中。神虽王，不善也。 （《庄子·养生主》）

（水泽里的野鸡走十步才啄到一口食，走百步才饮到一口水，可是它并不祈求被养在笼子里。（养在笼子里）神态虽然旺盛，但它并不自在。）

A pheasant of the marshes has to take ten steps to pick up a mouthful of food, and thirty steps to get a drink, but it does nit seek to be nourished in a coop. Though its spirit would (there) enjoy a royal abundance, it does not think (such confinement) good.

(The Writings of Kwang-tsze. Nourishing the Lord of Life)

参考文献：

陈鼓应，2016，《庄子今注今译》（上下册），北京：商务印书馆。

Legge,James, The Writings of Kwang-tsze, London: Oxford University Press Warehouse, 1891

〇 Exercise

Translate the following expression into English:

薪尽火传。